Stage lighting design principles

1. stage lighting design principles

Stage lighting system design is to follow the rules of stage art performance and special use requirements for configuration, its purpose is to all kinds of performing arts reproduction process required lighting technology equipment, according to the system engineering design configuration, so that the stage lighting system accurately and satisfactorily for art display services.
1. Create a complete free space for stage lighting and adapt to all lighting requirements;
2. In order to enable the system to continue to operate, appropriately increase the reserve and expansion space;
3. The anti-interference ability and safety of the system are important design indicators;
4. High efficiency and energy saving cold light new lamps are introduced into the system design;
5. DMX512 digital signal network technology is introduced into all aspects of system design.

Process design requirements for 2. stage lighting system

1. The process design and equipment configuration of the system have the function of comprehensive theater, and can rotate the lighting operation scheme of many different operas in a short time.
2. The system design can be quickly converted from one lighting scheme to another lighting scheme, and the conversion time is completed within 2 hours.
3. The system allows the use of various types of lamps and other complementary equipment in a full configuration.
4. The system is designed with sufficient security and storage capacity, and the entire system performs continuous diagnostic checks on the main console without interrupting the main power supply.
5. The equipment in the system fully meets the technical requirements of stage background noise. In the empty field state, the noise when all lighting equipment is turned on and the interference of external environment noise is not higher than NR25, and the noise of 1M effect equipment at the test point is not higher than 30dB.
6. The expansion capability of the system is intentionally reserved at the beginning of the system design, such as power silicon control capacity and network capacity. When funds are abundant or new technologies appear in the future, the system will not be modified or updated in a large area due to insufficient design, so as to save money and quickly adapt to changes.

3. lighting electrical equipment cabinet setting

1. Structure, cabinets and racks of electrical equipment are made of metal and steel plates that have undergone anti-embroidery treatment, and are strengthened with steel plates or shaped steel cabinets when necessary. The electrical equipment cabinet has dust-proof and moisture-proof measures. All cabinets and racks are fully enclosed except for ventilation and cable entrances and exits. The depth of each cabinet ensures proper equipment and wiring space. Each cabinet of each particular group has the same depth, height, and color.
2. Ventilation, all electrical components or devices can be used in the enclosure and the specified environment under continuous operation. The cabinet is equipped with proper natural pass-through. In order to dissipate the heat generated by the equipment, it is protected by fine mesh or foam grille through the mouth to prevent sundries from entering. The enclosure shall be pressurized and sealed and the inlet air shall be over-leaked.
3. Cable inlet and outlet lines, cable holes are reserved in the factory according to the required position; and a detachable plate is provided for final processing on site. The external passage, laying mode and sufficient bending radius of the cable shall be considered at the inlet and outlet of the cable, and the cable fixing device shall be provided.
4. Cabinet doors and access panels. The doors and panels are designed with sufficient rigidity. The doors and panels are removable for maintenance. The panels are equipped with dust-proof sealing strips. All enclosures and panels are to be painted by drying after thorough removal of grease and rust.
5. Identification, the component mark in the equipment cabinet should also be a permanent mark, and temporary paste mark or pen identification mark shall not be used. The size of the nameplate and logo is large enough to see the nameplate and logo documents clearly at a distance of 2 meters under normal light.

Electrical cable and line laying setting of 4. lighting system

1. The output wires from the silicon cabinet room to all sockets are composed of three wires with the same length and output through twisting. Light lines and audio, video and other signal lines are far away from each other, and must cross at 90 degrees when they meet, leaving a distance of 0.5M; When it is inevitable that they must be parallel, the spacing is set to be greater than 1M.
2. All signal connection cables are selected five-core shielded wire to prevent interference.
3. There is an independent grounding main line. Power cables and lamp lines should be installed in the metal trunking, and the metal trunking should be grounded.
4. The socket box is separated by metal partitions between strong and weak electricity, which avoids the interference of strong electricity to weak electricity and ensures the safety of weak electricity system.
The use of low smoke (LSF), flame retardant PVC type copper core cable, the cable should be able to work for a long time at 90 ℃ environment, under normal conditions of use, life should be more than 30 years.
6. The socket box is selected to meet the international advanced products produced by "national standard" enterprises. The strong and weak current in the socket box are separated by metal partitions to ensure safety and facilitate electromagnetic compatibility.
7. Cable tray using thermal cable for fire detection, prevention of cable fire.
8. The bridge or trunking shall be covered with fire prevention treatment. The model, voltage, current carrying capacity, cross section, core number and sheath of power cable and control cable shall meet the requirements of circuit type, transmission model, service environment and laying method, and comply with relevant specifications.
9. The control and power cables of moving parts shall be flexible cables that meet the fire protection requirements. The laying of cables shall meet the requirements of the GB50258-96 Code for Construction Inspection and Acceptance of Wiring Works of 1KV and Below for Electrical Equipment Installation Works.
10. Electromagnetic interference should be reduced to a minimum when laying cables. When the cable hose is used, its length shall not exceed 1 m. Suspended or drooping flexible cables for power or control lines shall be provided with a stress relief center core, the ends of which shall be clamped to relieve conductor stress.
11. The cores of multi-core and shielded cables used in power or control lines are easy to identify by number. Color codes are used for cables with less than 25 cores. The number of cable cores is not identified by cable laying form or sequence.
12. Each power and control cable shall have the same cable number at both ends and shall be permanently marked with a unique number. The cable number is indicated in the wiring diagram.
13. The wires shall be of sufficient length of cable to meet the requirements of the total travel of the equipment concerned, including the travel required to the maintenance position. All cable entry equipment shall be provided with appropriate entry connectors for cable replacement, and the remaining sink cables shall be rolled on the cable reel or placed in the equipment and firmly fixed.
14. Box installation should be perpendicular to the wall alignment, vertical deviation is not more than 2mm, in and out of the line box arranged neatly, and leave the appropriate margin. Conductors with different circuits, different voltages, AC and DC wires shall not be threaded into the same pipe. The wires shall not have joints and twists in the pipe. The wires shall be threaded into the pipe. Sheath shall be installed at the exit to protect the wires. Before cable laying, carefully check whether the cable has mechanical loss, and carry out insulation shaking test. The installation of power and lighting distribution box, its quality standards in line with the national electrical engineering construction specifications. The floor power distribution box is firmly installed on the foundation of angle steel or channel steel, fixed with screws, and grounded. The pipe in and out of the line is about 10cm higher than the foundation surface in the foundation. See the drawing requirements for the installation position and size. Install against the wall without opening the access door at the back. When the floor type power distribution box is installed, the verticality is 1.5mm per meter, and the joint between the panels is 2mm. The lighting box is generally installed on the wall, and the project adopts two kinds of installation: light and dark. The concealed wall-mounted distribution box is directly installed in the wall when building the wall, or a hole can be reserved in the wall and then installed. Ensure that the installation is firm, the grounding is good, the installation is flat, straight and the size meets the design requirements, the bottom edge is 1.5M from the ground, the vertical deviation of the lighting distribution box is not more than 3MM, the pipeline entering and leaving the distribution box is arranged in the distribution box and fixed with the pipe cap and lock nut. Install the distribution box, the surface of the cover plate is as flat as the paint layer, and the pipelines in and out of the box are concealed.

Safety setting in operation of electrical equipment of 5. lighting system

1. Reasonably configure the output. Each dimming and through output is equipped with a 32A socket. The three wires of each socket are of the same length and are output through twisting.
2. Good grounding, in order to eliminate the interference of SCR and make the audio and video equipment meet the requirements of use, a more reasonable and practical grounding system is selected in the design of the lighting system. Both the sound reinforcement system and the lighting system are equipped with independent grounding main lines, using common grounding electrodes, and the grounding resistance is ≤ 1Ω. Power cables and lamp wires are all installed in the metal trunking, and the metal trunking is provided with a good grounding device.
3. Electric shock protection. As most of the lighting distribution lines are connected to the stage lights through sockets, the socket circuit shall be equipped with leakage protection for indirect contact protection according to the regular practice of low-voltage power distribution system. As the leakage switch is easy to malfunction and directly affects the reliability of the stage lighting system, we adopt the method of wiring PE line and related circuit phase line together. In order to reduce the zero sequence impedance, to ensure that in the event of a single-phase ground fault, the protection device can operate reliably to ensure personal safety.
4. Lightning protection. Lightning arresters are installed on the low-voltage bus of the substation, and surge protectors are installed on the dimming light distribution cabinet to prevent the over-current and over-voltage caused by electromagnetic induction and electrostatic induction when the cultural and art center stage or nearby buildings are struck by lightning, damage the dimming cabinet and the lighting control computer system, and ensure the safety of the dimming silicon cabinet and the lighting control calculation system.