In order to ensure the normal production of TV studios, the safety management of the studios and the safety of lighting engineering technology have become important factors that cannot be ignored in the safety of live broadcast and production. With the development of the economy, the number of productions of various TV programs in the studio has been increasing, the scale of production has continued to expand, and the production cycle has been shortened. At the same time, the atmosphere of the scene also increased the audience's input, and this input is often the number of audiences and the passion of the audience.

Various forms of program production, the fashionable application of various new materials, the diversity of electromechanical equipment and the investment of high-power computer series lamps, in addition to bringing wonderful and exciting effects to the program, and sending gorgeous and emotional sentiments to the screen This has also made the construction and production of the studio’s programs gradually diverse and complicated, which has put forward new requirements and brought new problems to the safety management of the studio and the technical safety of the lighting engineering system.

　　 Studio program production and live broadcast are carried out in the context of various incidents that may happen suddenly. In particular, the programs that viewers participate in, regardless of whether they are recorded or broadcast live, are facing a large number of viewer safety issues, which requires us to carefully do the work in each specific link.

　　 Because the production of the studio's program has its own particularity, it is often necessary to organize actors, audiences and staff on the scene to perform and produce without any protective measures. Therefore, the ceiling equipment layer of the studio, lighting booms, scene film booms, spreaders, lifting equipment, lamps, light boxes, stage equipment, driving, curtains, turntables, carts, lifting platforms, speakers, sound reflectors, brackets Strict construction safety requirements and meticulous maintenance and management must be done for hanging microphones and hydraulic and mechanical movable seating in the auditorium. In addition to perfecting safety measures and regulations, and adhering to the principle of safe operation, attention should also be paid to the safety requirements for installation and dismantling of each stage (time), to eliminate potential safety hazards to the greatest extent, to ensure the normal production and smooth broadcasting of the studio program . Otherwise, any small omissions and mistakes may cause serious and irreparable equipment damage and even personal injury.

1. Different stages prone to accidents

　　 Generally, security incidents in studios usually occur in three different stages of different nature, stage installation, program production and live broadcast, and stage dismantling. With the continuous increase in the production and live broadcast of TV studios, the installation and dismantling of channels have become frequent.

1. Installation
　　Installation Station is the beginning of TV festival (column) production. Disorderly installation of platforms is like "going to the market": multiple types of work enter the site at the same time, a large amount of materials are crowded into the venue, and all kinds of equipment are stacked at will; because the installation time is tight, everyone grabs time and speed; equipment floors, flyovers, corridors, The ground is full of staff; the lights and scenery booms are scattered and scattered; all kinds of electrical appliances and light box lines are disorderly erected, lapped, and connected. Although there is a unified command, they still do their own things without coordination, communication and humility. These phenomena are the main source of accidents due to serious violations of regulations and ignorance of safety regulations.

2. Program production and live broadcast process
In the process of program production and live broadcast, due to the aging of lighting control equipment, parts and lines damp, mouse bites, short circuits, loss of control, and even electrical fires during the broadcast process; lack of rationality in scenery making process, improper selection of materials, improper production, lifting machinery Overload suspension, obstruction of the driving track, and blockage of the hydraulic transmission, causing loose parts, falling, tilting of props, and even collapse of the scene during the studio; fatigue, carelessness, and illegal operation of the staff; some unexpected situations also occur from time to time, such as tea Drinking accidentally dumped on the control surface, causing loss of control of mechanical and electrical equipment, etc., directly posing a serious threat to the safety of the program and causing major accidents. Ignoring safety when installing the station has buried hidden dangers. A slight negligence in the studio will inevitably cause serious consequences. This has been a painful lesson.

3. Demolition
　　 The tearing down is the real end of a show or party. At this time, safety awareness is lifted and safety regulations are ignored. However, accidents often happen at this time. why? I thought that the audience was gone and the actors were gone. It was time for me to "act", so I staged an "accident". I am mentally paralyzed and lax; I do not follow the rules, savagely dismantle the platform, break equipment, damage the equipment, and smash people frequently; there are also records of people falling and falling to death. The dismantling of the stage is to "untie" the stage. Safety ropes must be fastened for high-altitude operations, and work ropes must be used to avoid missed hands and feet, and prevent objects from losing control or throwing them at will. However, some of our staff, even full-time staff, just like "trapeze". In addition, if you don't pay attention to or clean up the waste from the installation and dismantling of the platform in time, of course, it is inevitable to be scratched or broken by other sharp objects such as iron wires, nails, wood ballast, glass shards and so on.

2. Safety Management

　　Safety is not narrow and simple "fire prevention". Fire prevention is of course very important, but how should we prevent those "fires" that we can't see? How should we eradicate and eliminate the hidden dangers that are prone to disasters? In our daily work, how to find and solve these problems? I'm afraid this is the most important thing.

　　 The safety management of the studio is multi-layered and comprehensive. The studio is an important "workshop" for TV station program production, and it is also a "public place" where TV station equipment and personnel are relatively concentrated. "Public safety" should be a matter of course for the production of studio programs. Here, I would like to discuss with my friends the safety of production and production in the studio except for "police safety". We also discuss from three different aspects.

1. Infrastructure security management

　　 For the studio, infrastructure is all the "original" equipment that provides program production in the studio. In the 600 M2 studio of Sichuan TV Station, it includes: structural layer, equipment layer, space equipment below equipment layer, second-floor corridor, ground equipment materials, studio lighting control room, studio air conditioning system, studio scene prop production room, Actor's lounge, dressing room, costume room, waiting room and actor's cutscene passages, etc. Any omission in the safety management of all aspects will inevitably directly or indirectly affect the production of the studio's program. Therefore, the safety precautions of every link must be cautious and proactively protected in order to avoid losses and ensure the safety of the studio.

1) The structural layer, as the name implies, is the basic structure that carries the equipment and equipment needed for program production. The self-weight and load-bearing weight of the structural layer are the most important and critical to the safety of the studio. We used steel and wood structure for the original structural layer. It has been transformed into an all-steel structure, all wooden equipment has been replaced and removed, safety nets have been installed, and the electrical and mechanical grounding safety protection has been improved. Equipped with 1211 fire extinguishers.

2) On the equipment floor, all the boom lifting motor system of the studio, the boom lifting digital terminal cabinet, the lighting adjustment digital terminal cabinet are installed, and 90% of the lighting cables of the studio, the computer light signal line, and the color changer signal are laid. Line etc. The equipment layer should be cleaned regularly, and all waste iron wires, wooden rods or other materials discarded after installation and disassembly should be removed from the equipment layer to prevent jams, blocking the normal operation of other equipment, or causing electrical short-circuits. accident. The equipment should be cleaned, lubricated and tightened regularly to prevent loosening and falling. In the space above the equipment floor, air-conditioning air ducts are set up to adjust the temperature of the upper space of the studio. It is forbidden to place any objects on the air-conditioning air ducts to prevent accidents caused by objects slipping due to the vibration of the ducts.

3) The space below the equipment level is an important performance and bearing area for the atmosphere effect of the evening program in the studio and the environment atmosphere. In this space, there are two sets of blue and white movable curtains, both of which are fire-retardant and flame-retardant curtains; 20 air-conditioning ducts vertically downward. In order to balance the space temperature of the stage and audience area of ​​the studio. There are 46 composite horizontal booms, 24 traveling vertical cranes, and 12 fixed vertical cranes. More than 340 lamps of various types, 100 color changers and other effect transmitters such as hoods and snow machines; 2 horizontal scenery poles; 1 vertical lifting field monitoring screen; 2 sets of ring-shaped curtain rails; 4 follow-up lights Hangers and so on.

　　 They are all hanging unobstructed above the actors, audience and staff, cameras and TV screens. Any error in installation or operation may cause loss or disaster. Therefore, the inspection, maintenance, and management of equipment in this area are particularly important. In addition to regular cleaning, refueling, and tightening, careful inspection should be done, such as whether the lamp hook is loose, whether the lamp cover is smart, whether the color paper clip is firm, whether the connectors are consistent, whether the power cord is aging, and whether the lamp housing Get close and so on. Never take a fluke, otherwise, an accident will never be restored. As small as a screw or as light as a piece of color filter paper, you cannot let it fall. Otherwise, the psychological effect of the audience's safety will be tense and disordered, and calm will be restored after a period of time.

4) The second-floor corridor is an important passage connecting the ground and the equipment floor, as well as an important fire-fighting passage. Air-conditioning air ducts are set up under the corridor to adjust the temperature of the ground floor space of the studio. There are two secondary power supply and distribution direct fire socket cabinets and adjustable socket cabinets at the front and rear of the corridor, and 1211 fire extinguishers are equipped.

5) The ground is the stage and auditorium. Due to the "congenital deficiency" of the studio, most materials and equipment are set up at two ends, with entrance and exit channels on both sides. There are multiple air-conditioning vents on the wall 30 CM from the ground to adjust the ground floor space of the studio, the stage and the audience. Seat temperature. The stage is about 200 M2, the auditorium is about 120 M2, the sky screen, lights, and scenic spots are about 80 M2, the filming work area is about 60 M2, and the other area is about 140 M2 (including passages, wall cabinets, etc.). In front of the canopy, air-conditioning air ducts are arranged in sequence; the canopy and floor lights and other effect lights are in the trench area; the triangular 6 M upright light stand 4 products; the TV screen; the 40 CM stage 200 M2 above the ground; the 1, 3 cameras and the swing arm Camera working area; the last is the hydraulic and mechanical movable seating platform in the auditorium, with a total height of 3.6 M. Two secondary power supply transfer distribution cabinets are set up on the left side of the canopy. In addition, 1211 fire extinguishers are equipped at each work site and the entrance and exit of the studio.

6) The lighting control room of the studio is an important power distribution hub for the production of program lighting in the studio. The dimming console is the heart of the lighting system. Once a failure occurs, it will inevitably affect the production of the program. Therefore, the lighting control room is the focus of inspection and maintenance.

7) Actor lounges, dressing rooms, costume rooms, waiting rooms, and actor cut-off passages. On the surface, safety accidents are unlikely to occur in these places, but this is not the case at all. Major accidents often happen inadvertently.

　　 Strengthening the safety management of this aspect of work and enhancing the awareness of this aspect of safety management are the prerequisites for preventing the occurrence of the following accidents. It can be said that infrastructure safety management is an important daily work in the studio of a TV station, and it should run through all of our work, so that the hidden dangers of accidents can be put to the bud. Regular inspections of equipment safety conditions can find problems in time, so as to formulate methods and processes to solve problems, put forward feasible guidance, supervision and terms of use, and operate in accordance with correct procedures, methods, and rules and regulations.

2. Enter the site for safe operation

　　 Any department, crew, or party of the TV station should contact the management department of the studio before entering the studio for work, so as to get corresponding support and cooperation. Both parties determine the scope of work responsibility and arrange the work schedule. During the entire process of various materials entering the site, installing the stage, matching the light, synthesis, rehearsal, recording, live broadcast, dismantling, and removal, both parties should arrange for their respective responsible persons to direct their respective scope of work on the Responsible for safety. At the same time, personnel are arranged to conduct safety inspections of their respective systems.

　　 The behaviors, equipment, appliances, fireworks, open flames, explosive effects, etc. that must be performed in the program but are prohibited must be reported to the competent authority in advance, and the public security fire protection inspection, approval, and supervision shall be accepted. For example, the kerosene and rosin used in the Sichuan Opera "Fire Breathing", the candles used for the "candlelight effect" and the management of supporting actors, especially small actors after lighting.

　　 Consciously strengthening the safety management work before program production and eliminating safety hazards are important factors to ensure the smooth progress of the studio program production and live broadcast. It is necessary for the visitors to understand the infrastructure status of the studio, and the staff of the studio should also understand the installation drawings and installation profiles of the venue, so that both parties know well and form a working understanding.

Pay attention to the following issues when entering the site

1) Keep the entrance and exit passages of the studio unblocked. The staff on duty in the studio should introduce the working environment of the studio in detail to the installation staff, such as: temporary power distribution box, stairs up and down, precautions for equipment level work, and location of fire safety equipment, etc. Those who are active and those that should not be moved should be clearly marked or posted as Anmin notice.

2) Pay attention to clearing the stage when installing the station: the packing boxes should be placed in the designated place; the scenes and props should be placed in the order of the show; the rubbish derived from the installation should be removed at any time, especially if the packaging is disintegrated, it may be harmful to the personnel and the performance. Sharp objects such as wire, nails, and glass that pose a threat to the equipment should be removed in time and properly disposed of, so as to reduce the probability of "accidental injury". Creating a good working environment is also an important indicator of civilized construction.

3) In the process of installing and disassembling the platform, it is the main condition to ensure one's own safety, reduce accidents, and operate safely. But the tools must be put in the waist bag or tool bag, and some tools must also be fixed in the bag to prevent slipping out, let alone falling. The weight of lamps and equipment on the boom should be strictly limited within the weight range of the rated load. The machinery and equipment should be controlled to operate within the range of the load-bearing safety factor and be operated by full-time personnel. Lamps and lanterns should use special hook fixtures, and bolts in all parts should be locked; lamps, color changers, distributors, etc. must be fastened with safety ropes to ensure that the objects do not fall off.

　　 The inspection and maintenance of lamps, wiring, and plug failures must be performed after the power supply is cut off, and live work should be avoided as much as possible. Regardless of the trunk cables and branch cables, they should be neatly arranged. The power cord at the end of the lamp should not be too long, so that the light does not affect the rotation of the lamp. There should be a certain distance between the cable and the lamp housing, keep it away from the heat source of the lamp housing, and avoid sticking to it. For temporarily installed lamps, light stands, effect lights, hoods, consoles, chronographs, scorers, computer workbenches, etc., care should be taken to keep a certain safe distance from the audience. For these cables and signal lines temporarily arranged on the ground, the length should be moderate, and attention should be paid to check whether the cables are aging and the sheath is damaged. Any aging or damaged cables should be replaced in time. Cables on the ground should be laid out as neatly as possible. They should be straightened and fixed to the ground with adhesive tape. Excess cables should also be straightened to avoid heat generation. If necessary, a slope cover should be installed to prevent damage caused by stepping on and causing accidents.

Before installation, inspect, test, clean and maintain the equipment used, including lamps, bulbs, plugs, reflectors, lenses, lenses, etc., so that broken lenses and lenses can be found and replaced, and lamps are leaking, plugs are loose, and broken, etc. Hidden hazards can be eliminated before installation, which can also reduce the inconvenience of climbing and maintenance.

　　After installing the table, carefully check the hanging objects such as the setting device, light boom, hanging device, etc., to see if the lamps and the setting are hanging or colliding with each other, if there is, remove them one by one in time. To enhance self-protection awareness, safety ropes must be attached when working at heights; cotton gloves should be worn to prevent electric shocks, rubbing, scratching, or scalding; soft and flat shoes that are easy to move should be worn. When walking, you should pay attention to whether there are steps or steps. Stage installation obstacles, etc.

When installing and disassembling the platform, pay special attention to the safety of your feet to prevent the sharp corners, edges and corners of the utensils, wood, iron wires and nails from being injured. The quality of the team is the first choice for installation safety. An installation team that is skilled in operation, sophisticated in technology, civilized construction, and familiar with the production requirements of the studio, they are bound to create a win-win situation.

3. Coordinate and cooperate with tacit safety

　　 Multiple types of work enter the venue at the same time, or multiple types of work enter the venue in a short period of time. This is another feature of theaters, stages and TV studios. To complete the scene production, synthesis, and rehearsal within the specified time, and perform, produce or broadcast according to the scheduled time, it is difficult to succeed without the spirit of coordination, humility, mutual assistance, and cooperation. This spirit of mutual assistance and cooperation is the basis for safe construction (installation and dismantling) and a guarantee for the success of the party.

　　Coordination is multi-faceted and comprehensive, involving personnel, time, and location. Both horizontal and vertical. Just take a TV song and dance party as an example, horizontal: it involves actors, camera, recording center, broadcast control center, logistics, transportation, fire protection, security and other departments; vertical: involving director, art, scenery, etc. Installations, lighting, sound, makeup, costumes, props, etc., as well as the units, departments, personnel, time, and location arrangements related to all aspects, must be coordinated to form a tacit understanding. Moreover, no matter which aspect, it involves personnel safety, equipment and material safety, and operation safety.

　　A night party is actually a huge technology, art and engineering system. The studio site is the production workshop for performing art works, and all the people in front and behind the stage are a program production team that has been integrated by the "evening party" and temporarily organized for the purpose of "audience". It is impossible to organize and integrate people, materials, and equipment from different units, departments, and nationalities into a work of art recognized by the audience on the TV screen without the spirit of coordination, humility, mutual assistance, and cooperation.