1. Stage lighting design principles

The design of the stage lighting system is configured in accordance with the rules and special use requirements of stage art performances. The purpose is to design and configure the lighting technology equipment required for the reproduction process of various performing arts according to the system engineering, so that the stage lighting system is accurate and complete. The land serves the art exhibition.
1. Create a complete stage lighting free space to meet all lighting requirements;
2. In order to enable the system to continue to operate, appropriately increase reserves and expansion space;
3. The anti-interference ability and safety of the system are important design indicators;
4. New high-efficiency and energy-saving cold light lamps are introduced into the system design;
5. DMX512 digital signal network technology is introduced into all aspects of system design.

2. Process design requirements of stage lighting system

1. The system's process design and equipment configuration have the use of a comprehensive theater, and can rotate a variety of lighting operation programs for different types of theater in a short period of time.
2. The system design can be quickly converted from one lighting scheme to another, and the conversion time is completed within 2 hours.
3. The system allows the use of all types of lamps and other supplementary equipment in all configurations.
4. The system is designed with sufficient security and storage capacity. The entire system performs continuous diagnostic checks on the main console without interrupting the main power supply.
5. The equipment in this system fully meets the technical requirements of stage background noise. In an empty field, the noise of all lighting equipment when turned on and the interference of external environmental noise are not higher than NR25, and the noise of the 1M effect equipment at the test point is not more than 30dB.
6. The expansion capacity of the system is reserved deliberately at the beginning of the system design, such as power silicon control capacity and network capacity. After sufficient funds or new technologies appear in the future, the system will not be modified or updated on a large scale due to insufficient design to achieve savings. Funding and rapid adaptation to changing needs.

Three, lighting electrical equipment cabinet settings

1. The structure, cabinets and racks of electrical equipment are made of embroidered-proof metal and steel plates, and when necessary, they are reinforced with steel or section steel cabinet frames. The electrical equipment cabinet has dust-proof and moisture-proof measures. All cabinets and racks are completely enclosed except for ventilation and cable inlet and outlet. The depth of each cabinet can ensure proper equipment and wiring space. The depth, height, and color of the cabinets in each specific group are the same.
2. Ventilation, all electrical components or devices can operate continuously in the enclosure and under the specified environment. The cabinet is equipped with proper natural passage. In order to dissipate the heat generated by the equipment, the pass port is protected by a fine mesh or foam barrier to prevent debris from entering. The enclosure should be pressurized and sealed and the air intake needs to be leaky.
3. For cables entering and exiting, cable holes are reserved in the factory according to the required position; and there is a detachable plate for final processing on site. At the cable entry and exit, consider the cable's outer length, laying method and sufficient bending radius, and have cable fixing devices.
4. Cabinet doors and inspection panels, doors and panels are designed with sufficient rigidity, doors and panels can be removed for inspection, and the panels are equipped with dust-proof sealing strips. All shells and panels are painted with drying paint after the grease and rust are completely removed.
5. Marks and component marks in the equipment cabinet should also be permanent marks, and temporary stickers or pen identification marks shall not be used. The size of the nameplate and the logo is large enough, and the file of the nameplate and the logo can be seen clearly at a distance of 2 meters under normal light.

Four, lighting system electrical cables and wiring settings

1. The output wires from the silicon cabinet room to all sockets are made of three wires of the same length and output by twisting. The light wires and the audio and video signal wires are far away from each other, and they must cross at 90° when they meet, leaving a distance of 0.5M; when it is unavoidable that they must be parallel, the distance should be set greater than 1M.
2. All signal connection cables use five-core shielded wires to prevent interference.
3. An independent grounding trunk line is provided. Power cables and light wires should be installed in a metal wire trough, and the metal wire trough should be grounded.
4. The strong and weak electricity of the socket box are separated by a metal partition to avoid the interference of strong electricity to the weak electricity and ensure the safety of the weak electricity system.
5. Use low-smoke (LSF), flame-retardant PVC-type copper core cables. The cables should be able to work at 90°C for a long time. Under normal use conditions, their lifespan should reach more than 30 years.
6. The socket box is selected from the international advanced products produced by the "national standard" enterprise, and the strong and weak current in the socket box are separated by a metal partition to ensure safety and facilitate electromagnetic compatibility.
7. The cable tray uses thermal cables for fire detection to prevent cable fires.
8. Cover the bridge or trunking and do fire prevention treatment. The type, voltage, current-carrying capacity, cross-section, number of cores, and sheath of power cables and control cables should meet the requirements of their circuit type, transmission model, use environment and laying method, and comply with relevant specifications.
9. The control and power cables of the moving parts adopt flexible cables that meet the fire protection requirements. The laying of cables shall comply with the requirements of GB50258-96 "Code for Construction Inspection and Acceptance of Wiring Engineering 1KV and Below for Electrical Installation Engineering".
10. When laying cables, electromagnetic interference should be reduced to a minimum. When the cable hose is used, its length cannot exceed 1 meter. Suspended or sagging flexible cables used for power or control lines should be provided with a stress-relieving center core wire, and both ends should be clamped to release the wire stress.
11. The cores of multi-core and shielded cables used in power or control circuits are easy to identify by number. Only cables with less than 25 cores use color codes. The cable laying form or sequence is not used to identify the number of cable cores.
12. Each power and control cable has the same cable number at both ends, and is marked with a permanent mark with a unique number. The cable number is indicated in the wiring diagram.
13. The wire should have a cable of sufficient length to meet the requirements of the total travel of the relevant equipment, including the travel required to the maintenance location. All cable entry equipment has appropriate entry connectors to facilitate the change of cables. The remaining sink cables should be rolled on the cable reel or placed in the equipment and firmly fixed.
14. The box should be aligned perpendicular to the wall during installation, and the vertical deviation should not be more than 2mm. The incoming and outgoing boxes should be arranged neatly and leave a proper margin. The wires of different circuits, different voltages, and AC and DC are not allowed to pass into the same pipe. The wires shall not have joints and twists in the pipe. The wires shall be inserted into the pipe, and a sheath shall be installed at the outlet to protect the wires. Before laying the cable, carefully check whether there is any mechanical loss in the cable, and conduct an insulation shake test. The quality standards for the installation of power and lighting distribution boxes comply with the National Electrical Engineering Construction Code. The floor power distribution box is firmly installed on the angle steel or channel steel foundation, fixed with screws, and well grounded. The inlet and outlet pipes are about 10 cm higher than the foundation surface in the foundation. The dimensions of the installation position are required by the drawings, and the installation is close to the wall without the maintenance door behind. The verticality of the floor-mounted power distribution box is 1.5 mm per meter when installed, and the indirect seam of the panel is 2 mm. The lighting box is generally installed on the wall, and this project adopts two types of installation: bright and dark. The concealed wall-mounted distribution box is directly installed in the wall when building the wall, or a hole can be reserved in the wall and then installed. Ensure that the installation is firm, the grounding is good, the installation is flat, upright, and the size meets the design requirements, the bottom edge is 1.5M from the ground, the vertical deviation of the lighting distribution box is not more than 3MM, and the pipelines entering and leaving the distribution box are allocated to the distribution box and pipe caps are used Secure with lock nut. Install the distribution box, the surface of the cover plate is as flat as the stucco layer, and the pipelines in and out of the box are covered by a dark coating method.

V. Safety settings in the operation of electrical equipment of the lighting system

1. The output is reasonably configured. Each dimming and straight-through output is allocated by a 32A socket, and the three wires of each socket are of the same length, and the output is twisted.
2. Good grounding, in order to eliminate the interference of thyristor and make the audio and video equipment meet the requirements of use, choose a more reasonable and practical grounding system in the design of the lighting system. Both the sound reinforcement system and the lighting system are equipped with independent grounding trunk lines, using a common ground pole, and the grounding resistance is ≤1Ω. The power cables and light wires are all installed in the metal wire trough, and the metal wire trough is equipped with a good grounding device.
3. Electric shock protection, since most of the lighting distribution lines are connected to the stage lights through sockets, according to the conventional practice of low-voltage power distribution systems, the socket circuits should be equipped with leakage protection for indirect contact protection. Because the leakage switch is prone to malfunction, it directly affects the stage lighting system. Reliability, so we take the PE line and the related circuit phase line wiring together. In order to reduce the zero-sequence impedance, to ensure that the protection device can reliably operate when a single-phase ground fault occurs to ensure personal safety.
4. Lightning protection, install lightning arresters on the low-voltage bus of the substation, and install surge protectors on the dimming lighting distribution cabinet to prevent the cultural and art center stage or nearby buildings from being struck by lightning due to overcurrent and overvoltage caused by electromagnetic induction and electrostatic induction , Damage the dimming cabinet and the light control computer system, and ensure the safety of the dimming silicon cabinet and the light control computer system.