The lighting system of dance halls (especially the dance floor lighting) basically belongs to the category of "atmosphere lighting", and its design focuses on the decorative and artistic lighting. Therefore, in the dance hall lighting system, a large number of different types of effect lamps are used, and the color modeling, matching, layout, grouping, and coloring of various lights are carefully arranged, and a variety of control equipment such as voice control, program control, and computer control are set up. To get a good artistic effect.

The area in the dance hall can be divided into four parts: performance area (stage), self-entertainment area (dance floor), viewing rest area (seating area) and passage. The lighting system of dance halls must comply with the lighting and light pollution limit standards of the Ministry of Culture of my country (WH0201-94). Specifically, the lighting system of the dance hall must at least reach the lower limit of the lighting standard specified in the WH0201-94 standard (see the attached table); the restrictions on laser, ultraviolet and stroboscopic are: laser generally should not be directed at the human body, especially the eyes When it is irradiated directly or indirectly to the human body after reflection, its wavelength must be between 380～780nm, and the maximum allowable radiation amount is 1.4×10-6Wcm-2; the ultraviolet wavelength must be between 320～380nm, and the maximum allowable radiation The quantity is 8.7×10-6Wcm-2; the strobe frequency should be lower than 6Hz, so strobe lamps should not be used continuously for a long time.

Lighting and lamps for dance halls

Since the song and dance hall can be divided into performance area (stage), self-entertainment area (dance floor), viewing and rest area (seating area) and passage, the lighting system of the song and dance hall also includes stage lighting, dance floor lighting, auditorium lighting and public Area lighting.

　　1. Stage lighting and lamps

The stage lighting of a large formal opera house is more exquisite, including surface light (the light from the front of the stage to the front of the actor), top light (the light from the top of the stage to the top of the actor's head, which is divided into one row, two rows, and three rows of top lights, etc. ), slap (light shot from the left and right sides of the stage to the actor's ears), sky curtain light and ground curtain light (the back curtain of the stage shines vertically downwards and vertically upwards), foot light (the front of the stage is placed underground and shot toward the actor ), chasing light (the light used to track the actors from the top of the stage or behind or from the side of the audience), etc. The stage lighting of the karaoke dance hall is also derived from the stage lighting design of the opera house, which can be added or reduced in the setting of the formal theater stage lighting according to the functional requirements of the hall. For example, surface light, top light, side light, sky curtain light, ground curtain light and chasing light are usually used for large stage areas with performance functions. Generally, a karaoke hall has only a small stage, and customers on the stage take turns singing. The pure disco hall only has a small stage, allowing actors to take the lead on stage to mobilize the atmosphere, and offstage customers to entertain themselves. In such an occasion, only the surface light and top light are required, and even the top light can be omitted. The entertainment venues of the wine city type often have fashion model performances, singing and dancing performances and other programs. Most of them use long strip stage structures deep into the seating area. Therefore, they pay more attention to top lighting, surface lighting and follow-up lighting, especially should be set up more. Only by arranging different colors of top light can the colors of gorgeous fashion be reproduced. Regardless of the stage of the entertainment venue, the surface light is indispensable, and the brightness should be sufficient. When designing, try to use high brightness, and adjust the brightness according to actual needs when using. Therefore, in order to satisfy certain artistic effects, dimming and color changing methods are commonly used in stage lights.

　　The stage lighting fixtures are basically spotlights, and some return lights, soft lights, floodlights, rain lights and quartz lights are often used without beams. Quartz lamps are used for "mini" small stages because of their good decoration. This is a popular trend. In addition to the various basic lighting fixtures mentioned above, the stage lighting of high-end entertainment venues is also equipped with some computer lights and various effect lights to meet different performance techniques.

　　2. Dance floor lighting and lamps　

The dance floor lighting is the focus of the entire dance hall system. The general evaluation of the lighting level and artistic level of a dance hall is mainly based on the level of the lighting system of the dance floor. The design of the dance floor lighting has a fixed format to follow, and the grade and level are reflected to a large extent in the size of the investment. The amount of investment on the same dance floor can be as low as several thousand yuan and as high as several million yuan according to different designs. The investment of several thousand yuan can use the middle and low-grade lamps produced in the country, and the number of imported lamps can be appropriately selected as the main lamp for tens of thousands of yuan, with a batch of domestic lamps as auxiliary; the investment of several hundred thousand yuan and millions of yuan can be used. A large number of imported lamps are used, and the focus of the selection of lamps is on the computer lights. The unit price of each computer light ranges from several thousand yuan to hundreds of thousands yuan, and the quantity ranges from 4 (with a controller) to hundreds. Equipped with other various effect lights. It can be seen that there are no criteria for investment in dance floor lighting. The key is how to choose lamps and match colors within the investment amount.

　　 Dance floor lamps can be divided into two types in common: foil lamps and effect lamps. The foil lights are mostly fixed lights, such as the aforementioned stage lights and border lights, strobe lights, neon lights, rainbow tubes, snake tube lights, violet tubes, lightning tubes, etc. These lamps are often controlled by switches, chases or lamp consoles, etc., according to the artistic effect of each occasion, they need to alternately emit light or change colors (all kinds of colored paper are attached to the lamps). Such lamps are not used much in high-end dance floors, but snake tube lights, rainbow tubes, lightning tubes, etc. are often used as the shape of the dance floor lamp house. Low-end dance floors can use this type of lamps more often, and they can also achieve a certain artistic effect through the functions of lighting, dimming, and color adjustment.

The pattern and color of 　　 effect lights have various changes. This type of lamps is further divided into integral sports lamps (mechanical control of the entire lamp rotation), lens sports lamps (voice control, program control, computer control lens action to achieve the effect of color change). Among them, the lens action type lamps are more advanced. Computer lights with lamps and lenses that can be changed as needed have also come out. At present, the commonly used overall sports lights include cosmic magic lights, flying disc lights, floating lights, pot bottom lights, gypsophila turn lights and so on. The lens action type light has "mini" star and moon light, double-layer sandfish head, double mirror cartoon pattern light, magician, octopus, octagonal exquisite light, space-time tunnel light, computer light, laser scanning light, etc.

　　The choice of dance floor lamps should be based on the variety of patterns, large color changes, and strong dynamics. Different types of entertainment venues have different dance floor lighting requirements: ballrooms require warm, romantic, mysterious, and poetic lighting. They often use slow-running effect lights, such as voice-controlled lights, computer lights, and a small amount of foil. Lights and strobe lights with strong rhythm; disco halls require an exaggerated atmosphere of excitement, excitement, and fanaticism. Dynamic lamps are often used, such as a large number of strobe lights, and computer lights are mainly used, accompanied by laser scanning. Lights, finger lights, etc.; other karaoke halls, nightclubs, wine markets, etc. are integrated dynamic and static places, and both should be considered. It is worth mentioning that the voice-activated lights and computer lights are "magical oil", which is suitable for any occasion. In addition, the blooming lights are more attractive under the action of smoke screens, so general dance halls are equipped with one or more hoods. .

The distribution of dance floor lighting should mainly consider artistic modeling. In addition, it should be noted that the boundary between "dynamic" and "static" should be distinguished as much as possible. The distribution of lamps should make the colorful effect of the light illuminate the entire dance floor as evenly as possible and highlight the warmth, romance and Excitement, excitement and dynamic atmosphere, while avoiding strong lights from the dance floor to the seating area. The seating area should maintain a soft, quiet and dark atmosphere for guests to rest and talk.

　　3. Seating area lighting and lamps　

It is relatively simple for customers to set up the lighting in the rest area. Under the premise of meeting the 5lx standard, pay attention to the uniformity of the light distribution to avoid glare. For example, if the total electric power required for a 70m2 audience seating area is calculated according to the degree standard to be 200W, then there are many options for the selection of lamps: (1) install a 200W floodlight; (2) install 5 40W Recessed downlights; (3) Install 14 15W recessed downlights, etc. Comparing the three, it is certain that the last option has the best effect, but the installation cost will be slightly higher, while the first option has no "atmosphere" at all. Therefore, the current popular design is to use a downlight embedded in the ceiling, with a low mutual number white product lamp (or special-shaped fluorescent lamp) and a voltage regulator for dimming control. In order to create a variety of atmospheres, some purple light tubes, colored light tubes (reflecting some flowers and plants), quartz lamps or small spotlights (illuminating countertops, price lists or wall decorations) can also be added, which are quite distinctive.

　　4. Channel area lighting and lamps　

Downlights are commonly used in public passage areas. Where there are step railings or corners, string lights, rainbow tubes, snake tubes, etc. can be used for decoration. In addition to decoration, it can also prevent guests from slipping into the air. Emergency lights (such as cashiers and emergency exits) and sign lights should be installed in key places. The illuminance of the bar counter, the commissary, the cashier, etc. should be higher, and quartz lights, track lights or neon lights are often used. When designing the illuminance for this area, it is advisable to take the higher value of the illuminance and install a local dimming device, which can be flexibly adjusted as needed in actual use.

Lighting grouping and lighting control equipment selection

　　The group arrangement of stage and dance floor lamps and the selection of lighting control equipment are a key issue in the combination of art and technology.

　　1. Lighting grouping　

Before grouping, it is necessary to classify the selected lamps. When grouping, it is mostly considered from the artistic conception, such as color matching, light distribution, and what kind of atmosphere is suitable for expressing, etc., and then the lights (or colors) that are suitable for simultaneous lighting ) Is grouped in parallel, and controlled by a switch (or a group of contacts of the light console or the light machine). Safety issues must also be considered when marshalling. Technically, through calculations, it is necessary to ensure that the total current (power) of the lamps connected in parallel cannot exceed the rated current value of the control switch or contact. Practice has proved that in medium and small dance halls, if the lighting group can reach a dozen or 20 groups, it can have strong expressiveness and variability; large dance halls and theaters, due to complex stage lighting, are often used Only dozens or even hundreds of lighting groups can meet the requirements.

　　 2. Selection of light control equipment

Commonly used lighting control equipment in dance halls includes air switch, multi-channel switch board (such as 12 channels), light machine (such as 4 channels), multi-channel program console (such as 16-channel light control console), multi-channel dimming console (such as 24-channel dimming console) and circuit light controllers specially matched with computer lights. They have their own characteristics and are suitable for controlling different types of lamps and for different occasions.

　　The air switch has good arc extinguishing and protection performance. The rated current ranges from 10A, 15A, 20A, up to several hundred amperes, forming a series. Air switches are not suitable for frequent on and off occasions. They are mostly used as master switches or regional switches, such as dance floor, stage light master switches, air conditioners, exhaust fans, and some effect lights that are not frequently operated (such as follow-up lights, neon lights, The whole group of computer lights) switch.

　　The rated power of each channel of the multi-channel switch board is generally 1500～2000W. It is suitable for controlling all kinds of lamps with changing functions, such as all kinds of turn lights, voice-activated lamps, and all kinds of lamps that do not need to be operated frequently (such as purple tubes, hoods, etc.).

　　Multi-channel light machine is actually a simple program controller, which is suitable for controlling some lamps that change in cycles according to a fixed program, such as string lights, snake tube lights, rainbow hose lights, and decorative lights that are turned on in groups on the stage steps.

　　The light console has multiple functions such as manual inching (light touch switch), program control, voice control, etc., so it is widely used in various entertainment venues from low to mid-range to high-end. The jog function of the light console can be used to replace the combination switch board to control various lamps that have changing functions and do not need to be operated frequently. The program control and voice control functions of the light console can be used to control some lamps that do not have the function of change, and only rely on external control equipment to produce the change effect, such as "rain light" groups with different patterns and different colors. It is worth noting that the program control function should not be used to control various rotating lights, scanning lights, strobe lights, and other lamps that have a rotating change function.

The 　　 dimming console is a higher-grade program-controlled console. In addition to the on-off control function, it also has a number of thyristor dimming functions, so it is also called a multi-channel dimming console. Usually use its dimming function to control the stage and dance floor of the lamps that need to be dimmed but do not have the changing function in order to create a different atmosphere.

Power supply and distribution considerations

According to relevant regulations, the general small-capacity lighting load with a total current of less than 30A can use 220V single-phase (two-wire) power supply; those with more than 30A can use 380/220V (three-phase four-wire) power supply. The power is distributed as evenly as possible among the phases. Since the total load current of the general song and dance hall is more than 30A, it is usually supplied in a three-phase four-wire system, and all the loads (lighting, sound, air-conditioning, etc.) of the entire song and dance hall are distributed to each phase as evenly as possible. When arranging and distributing the three-phase load, it should be noted that the light control system generally adopts SCR dimming technology, and the SCR component will produce a large number of harmonics when it is working. In addition, the lamps are turned on and off for artistic effects. , These will cause interference such as humming or "clicking" sound to the audio system. In order to minimize these interferences, when distributing three-phase loads, it is best to program some relatively stable loads without thyristor components in the same phase as the audio equipment, which will cause interference and frequently turn on and off the load. In the other two phases. In order to ensure that the sound is not disturbed, when conditions permit, the sound equipment can be used independently of one phase.

It is worth mentioning that general entertainment venues are open until late at night, and the grid voltage often exceeds 220V in the dead of night, which can easily damage the lamps. Therefore, a voltage regulator must be connected to the lighting system to reduce the voltage when the grid voltage exceeds 220V. Turn down.

Examples of lighting design for song and dance halls

　 Introduce a large-scale comprehensive song and dance hall lighting design example below. The total area of ​​the song and dance hall is 600m2 (15m×40m), of which the stage area is 54m2 (9m×6m) and the dance floor area is 180m2 (9m×20m). The functional requirements of the ballroom are: the stage can be used for larger literary singing and dancing, fashion model performances, and singer performances with band accompaniment; the dance floor can also be used for disco and ballroom dancing. The total investment in the lighting project shall not exceed 1.3 million yuan. The singing and dancing hall is open every night from 8:30 to 3:30 the next day, of which 10:30-12:00 is the performance time, and the rest is the time for customers to entertain themselves. Ballroom dancing and disco dance are alternately performed during self-entertainment.

　Considering that the investment in the hall has been considered to be a mid-to-high-end level, and considering that the performance time is separated from the self-entertainment time, the stage and dance floor lighting will not be used at the same time, so the stage and dance floor are divided into two control systems.

　 1. Dance floor lighting design　

The styling of this design lamp takes passion, wild, and shocking disco dance as the main style, while taking into account the warm and romantic atmosphere, in order to have a strong appeal to customers of different qualities and different hobbies. The dance floor uses the famous Italian Galaxy Super Thunder Octopus as the main light (each nearly 30,000 yuan), with 16 American Intellbeam light wave 700HS computer lights (each nearly 30,000 yuan) and dozens of effect lights. Such as laser wars, pipe lights, super moon lights, imitation laser scanning lights, space-time tunnel lights, "mini" star lights, finger lights, etc., plus hundreds of auxiliary lights, which can be controlled by light control equipment

Discoloration and lightening. The lamp shed is shaped like a five-petal peach blossom, which is radioactively opened from the inside to the outside under the action of multiple light walkers, which resembles the momentum of "flowers blooming and rich, steaming upwards". The dance floor lighting system cost 770,000 yuan.

　 2. Stage lighting design

　A huge semi-circular light stand was designed on the stage, which looks majestic and magnificent. The light stand is equipped with 8 light wave computer lights and dozens of various effect lights. Place 8 colorful star moving head computer lights on the floor of the stage, and also equipped with multiple metal halide lights of different colors to illuminate the flowers and plants on both sides of the stage, making the whole stage look vibrant. There are 2 follow spot lights on the floating stage in the backcourt. In addition, more than one hundred high-brightness and multi-color changing lamps can fully meet the needs of various high-level performances. The stage lighting system cost 530,000 yuan.